The 2020 Nepal Ecological Environment Element–Vegetation Fraction Product Dataset was generated based on 10 m resolution surface reflectance data from the Spectral Earth Platform. The vegetation fraction was retrieved using an improved pixel dichotomy model-based vegetation coverage inversion algorithm and produced according to specified quality requirements. The accuracy of the vegetation fraction retrieval algorithm was directly validated using ground-measured data, achieving a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.856 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.082.