4. Lua

  • 4.17. Lua function

    In Lua, functions are the main way to abstract statements and expressions. It can not only be used to handle some special wo...
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  • 4.18. Lua operator

    An operator is a special symbol that tells the interpreter to perform specific mathematical or logical operations. Lua provi...
    2025-10-25 13:34:08 UTC
  • 4.19. Lua string

    A string or string is a string of characters consisting of numbers,letters, and underscores. Strings in the Lua language c...
    2025-10-25 13:34:10 UTC
  • 4.20. Lua array

    An array is a collection of elements of the same data type arranged in a certain order, which can be an one-dimensional arra...
    2025-10-25 13:34:07 UTC
  • 4.21. Lua iterator

    An iterator is an object that can be used to traverse some or all of the elements in a standard template library container, ...
    2025-10-25 13:34:07 UTC
  • 4.22. Lua table

    table is a data structure of Lua to help us create different data types,such as arrays, dictionaries, etc. Lua table u...
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  • 4.23. Lua modules and packages

    Module is similar to a wrapper library. Starting from Lua 5.1, Lua adds a standard module management mechanism that allo...
    2025-10-25 13:34:11 UTC
  • 4.24. Lua meta-table

    In Lua table, we can access the corresponding key to get value value, but cannot match two table to perform an o...
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  • 4.25. Lua collaborative program (coroutine)

    4.25.1. What is coroutine? # Lua collaborative programs (coroutine) are similar to threads: they have independent sta...
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  • 4.26. Lua file I/O

    The Lua I/O library is used to read and process files. It is divided into simple mode (like C) and full mode. The simple...
    2025-10-25 13:34:09 UTC
  • 4.27. Lua error handling

    Error handling is necessary when the program is running, and unexpected errors will occur in the process of file operation, ...
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  • 4.28. Lua debugging

    Lua provide debug the library is used to provide the ability to create our custom debugger. Lua itself doesn’t have ...
    2025-10-25 13:34:10 UTC
  • 4.29. Lua garbage collection

    Lua automatic memory management is adopted. This means that you don’t have to worry about how to allocate the memory nee...
    2025-10-25 13:34:07 UTC
  • 4.30. Lua object oriented

    Object-oriented programming is a very popular computer programming architecture. The following programming languages suppo...
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  • 4.31. Lua database access

    This article mainly introduces the Lua database operation library: LuaSQL . He is open-source and supports databases such ...
    2025-10-25 13:34:07 UTC

Principles, Technologies, and Methods of Geographic Information Systems

 102

In recent years, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have undergone rapid development in both theoretical and practical dimensions. GIS has been widely applied for modeling and decision-making support across various fields such as urban management, regional planning, and environmental remediation, establishing geographic information as a vital component of the information era. The introduction of the “Digital Earth” concept has further accelerated the advancement of GIS, which serves as its technical foundation. Concurrently, scholars have been dedicated to theoretical research in areas like spatial cognition, spatial data uncertainty, and the formalization of spatial relationships. This reflects the dual nature of GIS as both an applied technology and an academic discipline, with the two aspects forming a mutually reinforcing cycle of progress.