1. C# tutorial

  • 1.19. C # nested loop

    C # allows you to use another loop within one loop, and here are a few examples to illustrate this concept. 1.19.1. Gra...
    2025-10-25 13:34:33 UTC
  • 1.20. C # break statement

    In C # break statement has the following two uses: When break statement occurs within a loop, the loop terminate...
    2025-10-25 13:34:38 UTC
  • 1.21. C # continue statement

    In C # continue sentence is a bit like break statement. But it’s not a forced termination. continue code in the ...
    2025-10-25 13:34:40 UTC
  • 1.22. C # package

    Encapsulation is defined as “enclosing one or more projects in a physical or logical package”. In object-oriented programmin...
    2025-10-25 13:34:34 UTC
  • 1.23. C # method

    One way is to organize some related statements together to perform a block of statements for a task. Every C# program has at...
    2025-10-25 13:34:34 UTC
  • 1.24. C # nullable type

    1.24.1. C# single question mark ? and double question mark ?? # ? single question mark is used for int ...
    2025-10-25 13:34:38 UTC
  • 1.25. C # Array

    An array is a sequential collection of fixed sizes that stores elements of the same type. An array is a collection used to s...
    2025-10-25 13:34:37 UTC
  • 1.26. C # multidimensional array

    C # supports multidimensional arrays. A multidimensional array is also called a rectangular array. You can declare a str...
    2025-10-25 13:34:39 UTC
  • 1.27. C # interlaced array

    A staggered array is an array. An interlaced array is an one-dimensional array. You can declare a file with a int st...
    2025-10-25 13:34:41 UTC
  • 1.28. C # passes an array to the function

    In C #, you can pass an array as an argument to a function. You can pass a pointer to the array to the function by specifyin...
    2025-10-25 13:34:34 UTC
  • 1.29. C # parameter array

    Sometimes, when you declare a method, you cannot determine the number of parameters to pass to the function as arguments. Th...
    2025-10-25 13:34:37 UTC
  • 1.30. C # Array class

    Array class is the base class for all arrays in C #. It is defined in the System , which is defined in the namespace...
    2025-10-25 13:34:39 UTC
  • 1.31. C # string

    In C #, you can use character arrays to represent strings, but it is more common to use the string keyword to declare a ...
    2025-10-25 13:34:42 UTC
  • 1.32. C # structure

    In C #, structures are value type data structures. It enables a single variable to store related data of various data types....
    2025-10-25 13:34:41 UTC
  • 1.33. C # enumeration

    An enumeration is a set of named integer constants. Enumerated types are made using the enum keyword. The C # enumerat...
    2025-10-25 13:34:32 UTC
  • 1.34. C # Class

    When you define a class, you define a blueprint for data types. This does not actually define any data, but it defines what ...
    2025-10-25 13:34:37 UTC

Principles, Technologies, and Methods of Geographic Information Systems

 102

In recent years, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have undergone rapid development in both theoretical and practical dimensions. GIS has been widely applied for modeling and decision-making support across various fields such as urban management, regional planning, and environmental remediation, establishing geographic information as a vital component of the information era. The introduction of the “Digital Earth” concept has further accelerated the advancement of GIS, which serves as its technical foundation. Concurrently, scholars have been dedicated to theoretical research in areas like spatial cognition, spatial data uncertainty, and the formalization of spatial relationships. This reflects the dual nature of GIS as both an applied technology and an academic discipline, with the two aspects forming a mutually reinforcing cycle of progress.