最近几年来，地理信息系统无论是在理论上还是应用上都处在一个飞速发展的阶段。 GIS被应用于多个领域的建模和决策支持，如城市管理、区划、环境整治等等，地理信息成为信息时代重要的组成部分之一； “数字地球”概念的提出，更进一步推动了作为其技术支撑的GIS的发展。 与此同时，一些学者致力于相关的理论研究，如空间感知、空间数据误差、空间关系的形式化等等。 这恰好说明了地理信息系统作为应用技术和学科的两个方面，并且这两个方面构成了相互促进的发展过程。
Simply speaking, routing is to judge the corresponding handler according to the URL link requested by the user, and return the processing result, that is, the mapping relationship between URL and Django view is established.
Django routes are configured in urls.py, and each configuration in urls.py corresponds to the corresponding processing method.
The configuration of urls.py is a little different in different versions of Django: url() 方法 Both normal path and regular path can be used, and you need to manually add regular first limit symbols. Path: for ordinary paths, you do not need to manually add regular first limit symbols, the underlying layer has been added. re_path：用于正则路径，需要自己手动添加正则首位限制符号。 总结： Url in the Django1.1.x version is the same as re_path in the Django 2.2.x version. Anonymous groups transmit parameters according to location, corresponding one by one. Except for request, the number of other parameters in views should be the same as the number of groups in urls. Syntax: The named group transmits parameters by keyword, regardless of the order of position. Except for request, the number of other parameters in views should be the same as the number of groups in urls, and the names of parameters in views should correspond to the group names in urls. 存在问题 Sharing one urls among multiple app directories in a Django project is easy to cause confusion and inconvenient for later maintenance. 解决 Using routing distribution (include), each app directory has its own urls. 步骤： 1、在每个 app 目录里都创建一个 urls.py 文件。 2、在项目名称目录下的 urls 文件里，统一将路径分发给各个 app 目录。 In the respective app directory, write your own urls.py file and jump to the path. App01 directory: App02 directory: Write your own view functions in the views.py file in the respective app directory. With the increase of function, the url of the routing layer changes, so it is necessary to change the url of the corresponding view layer and template layer, which is very troublesome and inconvenient to maintain. At this time, we can use reverse parsing. When the url of the routing layer changes, we can dynamically reverse the changed url in the view layer and template layer to avoid modification. Reverse parsing is commonly used in hyperlinks in templates and redirects in views. Alias the route in urls.py name=”路由别名” . In views.py, introduce reverse from django.urls, using the reverse(“路由别名”) Reverse resolution: In the HTML file in the template templates, use the {% url “路由别名” %} Reverse parsing. Alias the route in urls.py name=”路由别名” . In views.py, introduce reverse from django.urls, using the reverse(“路由别名”，args=(符合正则匹配的参数,)) Reverse parsing. In the HTML file in the template templates {% url “路由别名” 符合正则匹配的参数 %} Reverse parsing. Alias the route in urls.py name=”路由别名” . In views.py, introduce reverse from django.urls, using the reverse(“路由别名”，kwargs={“分组名”:符合正则匹配的参数}) Reverse parsing. In the HTML file in the template templates, use the {% url “路由别名” 分组名=符合正则匹配的参数 %} Reverse parsing. A namespace (English: Namespace) is a visible range that represents an identifier. An identifier can be defined in multiple namespaces, and its meaning in different namespaces is irrelevant. Any identifiers can be defined in a new namespace, and they do not conflict with any duplicate identifiers, because duplicate definitions are in other namespaces. 存在问题： The routing alias name has no scope. When Django parses the URL in reverse, it will search in the global order of the project. When it finds the first routing alias, name, which specifies URL, it will return immediately. When the same routing alias name is defined in urls under different app directories, it may result in URL reverse parsing error. 解决： Use namespaces. Define the namespace (there is a tuple in include) in the following format: Example: Have the same routing alias in app01/urls.py. Using namespaces in views.py, the syntax format is as follows: Example: Use namespaces in the HTML file of the templates template in the following syntax format: Example: 7.9.1. Django1.1.x version ¶
Example ¶
from django.conf.urls import url # 用 url 需要引入 urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/$', admin.site.urls), url(r'^index/$', views.index), # 普通路径 url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/$', views.articles), # 正则路径 ]
7.9.2. Django versions later than 2.2.x ¶
Example ¶
from django.urls import re_path # 用re_path 需要引入 urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('index/', views.index), # 普通路径 re_path(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/$', views.articles), # 正则路径 ]
7.9.3. Grouping in regular paths ¶
7.9.4. Unnamed groups in regular paths ¶
urls.py ¶
urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), re_path("^index/([0-9]{4})/$", views.index), ]
views.py ¶
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse def index(request，year): print(year) # 一个形参代表路径中一个分组的内容，按顺序匹配 return HttpResponse('菜鸟教程') 
7.9.5. Named grouping in regular paths ¶
(?P<组名>正则表达式)
urls.py ¶
urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), re_path("^index/(?P[0-9]{4})/(?P[0-9]{2})/$", views.index), ]
views.py ¶
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse def index(request, year, month): print(year,month) # 一个形参代表路径中一个分组的内容，按关键字对应匹配 return HttpResponse('菜鸟教程') 
7.9.6. Named grouping in regular paths ¶
7.9.7. Route Distribution (include) ¶
Example ¶
from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path,include # 从 django.urls 引入 include urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path("app01/", include("app01.urls")), path("app02/", include("app02.urls")), ]
from django.urls import path,re_path from app01 import views # 从自己的 app 目录引入 views urlpatterns = [ re_path(r'^login/(?P
from django.urls import path,re_path from app02 import views # 从自己的 app 目录引入views urlpatterns = [ re_path("^xxx/(?P[0-9]{4})/$", views.xxx), ]
7.9.8. Reverse parsing ¶
7.9.9. Ordinary path ¶
path("login1/", views.login, name="login")
return redirect(reverse("login"))
<form action="{% url 'login' %}" method="post">
7.9.10. Regular path (anonymous grouping) ¶
re_path(r"^login/([0-9]{2})/$", views.login, name="login")
return redirect(reverse("login",args=(10,)))
<form action="{% url 'login' 10 %}" method="post">
7.9.11. Regular path (named grouping) ¶
re_path(r"^login/(?P
return redirect(reverse("login",kwargs={"year":3333}))
<form action="{% url 'login' year=3333 %}" method="post">
7.9.12. Namespace ¶
7.9.13. Ordinary path ¶
include(("app名称：urls"，"app名称")) path("app01/", include(("app01.urls","app01"))) path("app02/", include(("app02.urls","app02")))
path("login/", views.login, name="login")
reverse("app名称：路由别名")
return redirect(reverse("app01:login")
{% url "app名称：路由别名" %}
<form action="{% url 'app01:login' %}" method="post">
