最近几年来，地理信息系统无论是在理论上还是应用上都处在一个飞速发展的阶段。 GIS被应用于多个领域的建模和决策支持，如城市管理、区划、环境整治等等，地理信息成为信息时代重要的组成部分之一； “数字地球”概念的提出，更进一步推动了作为其技术支撑的GIS的发展。 与此同时，一些学者致力于相关的理论研究，如空间感知、空间数据误差、空间关系的形式化等等。 这恰好说明了地理信息系统作为应用技术和学科的两个方面，并且这两个方面构成了相互促进的发展过程。
SOAP is a simple protocol based on XML, which enables applications to exchange information over HTTP.
Or to put it more simply: SOAP is a protocol used to access network services. Before continuing, you need to have a basic understanding of the following knowledge: XML XML Namespace If you want to learn these projects first, please visit our XML tutorial. SOAP refers to simple object access protocol SOAP is a communication protocol. SOAP is used for communication between applications SOAP is a format for sending messages SOAP is designed to communicate over the Internet SOAP is platform independent SOAP is language independent SOAP is based on XML SOAP is simple and extensible SOAP allows you to bypass the firewall SOAP will be developed as a W3C standard For application development, it is important to enable Internet communication between programs. Current applications communicate between objects such as DCOM and CORBA by using remote procedure calls (RPC), but HTTP is not designed for this. RPC creates compatibility and security issues; firewalls and proxy servers usually block such traffic. Communicating between applications through HTTP is a better way, because HTTP is supported by all Internet browsers and servers. SOAP was created to accomplish this task. SOAP provides a standard way for applications running on different operating systems and using different technologies and programming languages to communicate with each other. SOAP is Microsoft In May 2000, UserLand, Ariba, Commerce One, Compaq, Developmentor, HP, IBM, IONA, Lotus, Microsoft and SAP submitted the SOAP Internet Protocol to the W3C. These companies expect this protocol to revolutionize application development by connecting graphical user interface desktop applications to powerful Internet servers using Internet standards (HTTP and XML). The first public working draft on SOAP was released by the W3C in December 2001. To read more about SOAP activities at the W3C, please visit our W3C tutorial. 3.2.1. The basic knowledge you should have ¶
3.2.2. What is SOAP? ¶
3.2.3. Why use SOAP? ¶
3.2.4. Microsoft and SOAP ¶
.net key elements of the architecture for future Internet application development. 3.2.5. SOAP 1.1 is submitted to the W3C ¶
3.2.6. W3C is developing SOAP 1.2 ¶