最近几年来，地理信息系统无论是在理论上还是应用上都处在一个飞速发展的阶段。 GIS被应用于多个领域的建模和决策支持，如城市管理、区划、环境整治等等，地理信息成为信息时代重要的组成部分之一； “数字地球”概念的提出，更进一步推动了作为其技术支撑的GIS的发展。 与此同时，一些学者致力于相关的理论研究，如空间感知、空间数据误差、空间关系的形式化等等。 这恰好说明了地理信息系统作为应用技术和学科的两个方面，并且这两个方面构成了相互促进的发展过程。
Using EnterpriseDB to download and install, EnterpriseDB is the only vendor in the world that offers PostgreSQL-based enterprise-class products and services.
Download address: https://www.enterprisedb.com/downloads/postgres-postgresql-downloads .
download postgresql-****-osx.dmg File, double-click the installation file:
At this point, you will be asked to enter the administrator password, enter it, and then pop up the installation wizard:
Next, there are some basic configurations, such as installation directory, extension installation, database directory, user password, port settings, etc. Generally, just use the default, directly point Next:
Finally, click Finish:
Execute the following script to start PostgreSQL.
You can enter the following options yourself, or use the default, enter by default, and the password is the password you just set during the installation process:
$ /Library/PostgreSQL/11/scripts/runpsql.sh ;exit Server [localhost]: Database [postgres]: Port [5432]: Username [postgres]: Password for user postgres: psql (11.3) Type "help" for help. postgres=# 打开 pgAdmin 4： Or click the icon of the elephant avatar at the top right of the screen: The pgAdmin home page is as follows 点击左侧的 Servers > Postgre SQL 10 输入密码，点击 OK 即可 The control panel is as follows
5.4.1. PgAdmin 4 ¶
