最近几年来,地理信息系统无论是在理论上还是应用上都处在一个飞速发展的阶段。 GIS被应用于多个领域的建模和决策支持,如城市管理、区划、环境整治等等,地理信息成为信息时代重要的组成部分之一; “数字地球”概念的提出,更进一步推动了作为其技术支撑的GIS的发展。 与此同时,一些学者致力于相关的理论研究,如空间感知、空间数据误差、空间关系的形式化等等。 这恰好说明了地理信息系统作为应用技术和学科的两个方面,并且这两个方面构成了相互促进的发展过程。
RDF and OWL are two important semantic web technologies. The semantic Web is a framework for asset management, enterprise integration and the sharing and reuse of network data. The semantic Web provides a platform-independent and software-independent framework for data sharing among enterprises, applications, companies, groups and individuals. RDF and OWL are the key technologies of the semantic Web. They describe the structural description and the ontology based on the World wide Web respectively. RDF is a language that expresses information to the World wide Web. RDF can be used to describe web resources, such as title, author and versioninformation, content description, available schedules, and so on. If you need to learn about RDF, please visit our RDF tutorial. OWL is the language used to define ontologies. Ontology can describe the field of knowledge. It can be used by humans or software to share information about objects, such as cars, houses, machines,books, products, financial transactions, and so on. OWL is designed to process information (rather than real information). If you need to learn more about OWL, please visit our RDF tutorial. SPARQL is a standard query language for RDF data, which can provide developers with a way to write a wide-area RDF information query program across WEB. Standard Draft / proposal Recommended time RDF Primer Feb 2004 RDF Test Cases Feb 2004 RDF Concept Feb 2004 RDF Semantics Feb 2004 RDF Schema Feb 2004 RDF syntax Feb 2004 OWL Overview Feb 2004 OWL Guide Feb 2004 OWL reference manual Feb 2004 OWL syntax Feb 2004 OWL Test Cases Feb 2004 OWL Use Cases Feb 2004 Parsing OWL in RDF Jan 2004 SPARQL Language Jan 2008 4.15.1. Semantic Web ¶
4.15.2. RDF-Resource description Framework ¶
4.15.3. OWL-Web ontology language ¶
4.15.4. SPARQL-query language for RDF ¶
4.15.5. W3C specification and timeline ¶