6.10. Ruby data type

1.Integer #

There are two types of integers. If the integer is less than 31 bits (4 bytes), it is a Fixnum instance. If it exceeds, it is a Bignum instance.

Integers range from-2:sup: 30 to 2 ³⁰ -1, the integers in this range are the class Fixnum When the integer value is greater than or equalto the 30th power of 2 (- 2:sup: 62 to 2 ⁶² -1), which is automatically converted to the Bignum type.

You can use an optional leading symbol before an integer, an optional underlying metric (0 corresponds to octal,0x corresponding to hex,0b corresponding to binary), followed by a string of numbers. Underscore characters are ignored in the numeric string.

You can get the integer value of an ASCII character or an escape sequence marked with a question mark.

123 # Fixnum Decimal 1\_ 234 # Fixnum decimal with underline -500 # negative Fixnum0377 # Octal 0xff # Hexadecimal 0b1011 # Binary "a". ord # "a" Character encoding for\ \N # Encoding of line break (0x0a) 12345678901234567890 # Large number # Integer Integer The following are some integer literals: values, numerical values, bool values, strings, etc. that can be seen in the code are called literals, such as 0,1_ 000_ 000,0xa, a1=0 # Integer with thousands a2=1\_ 000_ 000 # Other decimal representations a3=0xaputsa1, a2putsa3 # puts Print All characters are printed to the console, where puts comes with carriage return and line feed=begin. This is a comment called an embedded document comment Similar to/* */=end in C # 

Floating point type #

Ruby supports floating-point numbers. They are numbers with decimals. Floating point numbers are classes Float and can be any of the following

Example #

123.4 # Floating-point value 1.0e6 # Scientific notation 4E20 # Not required 4e+20 # Sign before exponent # Floating-point f1=0.0f2=2.1f3=1000000.1putsf3 

Arithmetic operation #

Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division operator: +- * /；The exponential operator is * *

The index does not have to be an integer, for example

#Exponential arithmetic puts2 * * (1/4) The quotient of # 1 and 4 is 0, and then the 0th power of 2 is 1 puts 16 * * (1/4.0) The quotient of # 1 and 4.0 is 0.25 (quarter), and then the root of the fourth power is taken 

String type #

The Ruby string is simply an 8-bit byte sequence, which is a class String object.

Double quoted strings allow substitution and the use of backslashes, while single quoted strings do not allow substitution, and only two backslashes, \\\ and `\\' , are allowed.

#!/usr/bin/ruby -wputs'escape using "\\\\"';puts'That\\'s right'; 

escape using "\" That's right 

#!/usr/bin/ruby -wputs" multiply : #{24*60*60}"; 

multiply : 86400 

#!/usr/bin/ruby -wname="Ruby"putsnameputs"#{name+",ok"}" 

Ruby Ruby,ok 

Backslash symbol #

The following table lists the backslash symbols supported by Ruby:

For more details about the Ruby string, see the Ruby string.

Array #

Array literals pass through [] the definitions are separated by commas in, and range definitions are supported.

• (1)the array is passed [] index access

• (2)insert, delete and replace elements through assignment operations

• (3)pass + the-sign merges and deletes elements, and the collection appears as a new collection

• (4)pass << to append elements to the original data

• (5)pass * number repeating array element

• (6)pass ｜ and & symbols do union and intersection operations (pay attention to the order)

#!/usr/bin/rubyary=["fred",10,3.14,"This is a string","last element",]ary.eachdo\|i\|putsiend 

fred 10 3.14 This is a string last element 

Hash type #

A Ruby hash places a series of key / value pairs within curly braces, using commas and sequences between keys and values. => separate. The trailingcomma is ignored.

Example #

#!/usr/bin/rubyhsh=colors= {"red"=>0xf00,"green"=>0x0f0,"blue"=>0x00f}hsh.eachdo\|key,value\|printkey,"is",value,"\\n"end 

red is 3840 green is 240 blue is 15 

Range Typ #

A range represents an interval.

The range is represented by setting a start value and an end value. The range can be used s..e and s...e to construct, or through Range.new to construct.