11.43. HTML5 semantic elements

Semantic = meaning
Semantic element = meaningful element
11.43.1. What are semantic elements? ¶

A semantic element can clearly describe its meaning to browsers and developers.
Examples of no semantic elements:
and     -there is no need to consider the content. Semantic element instance:   
,   , and      -Clearly defined its content.  11.43.2.  Browser support  ¶ 
              
Internet Explorer 9 supports semantic elements, Firefox, Chrome, Safari, and Opera.
Note: this element is not supported in Internet Explorer 8 and earlier. But a compatible solution is provided at the bottom of the article.
 11.43.3.  New semantic elements in HTML5  ¶ 
Many existing websites contain the following HTML code: < div id= “nav” >, < div class= “header” >, or < div id= “footer” > to indicate the navigation link, header, and tail.
HTML5 provides new semantic elements to identify different parts of a Web page:
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 11.43.4.  HTML5 < section > element  ¶ 
  
tags define sections (section, sections) in the document. Such as chapters, headers, footers, or other parts of the document. According to the W3C HTML5 documentation:   section   contains a set of content and its title.
Example  ¶ 
<section><h1>WWFh1><p>The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)
is....p>section>
        11.43.5.  HTML5 < article > element  ¶  
    
   tags define independent content. .     
   examples of element usage:     Forum post 
 
   Blog post 
 
   News story 
 
   Comment 
 
 
   Example  ¶  
   <article><h1>Internet Explorer 9h1><p>Windows Internet Explorer
9(Abbreviated as IE9 )Released on March 14, 2011 at 21:00.p>article>
        11.43.6.  HTML5      element  ¶      
   the tag defines the part of the navigation link.     
   element is used to define the navigation links section of the page, but not all links need to be included in the      in the element!    Example  ¶  
   <nav><ahref="/html/">HTMLa>\|<ahref="/css/">CSSa>\|<ahref="/js/">JavaScripta>\|<ahref="/jquery/">jQuerya>nav>
        11.43.7.  HTML5      element  ¶      
   tags define content outside the main area of the page (such as a sidebar).     aside   the content of the tag should be related to the content of the main area. 
   Example  ¶  
   <p>My family and I visited The Epcot center this
summer.p><aside><h4>Epcot Centerh4><p>The Epcot Center is a theme
park in Disney World, Florida.p>aside>
        11.43.8.  HTML5      element  ¶      
   element describes the header area of the document     
   elements are mainly used to define the presentation area of the content.   On the page, you can use multiple   
   element。   The following example defines the head of the article: 
   Example  ¶  
   <article><header><h1>Internet Explorer
9h1><p><timepubdatedatetime="2011-03-15">time>p>header><p>Windows
Internet Explorer 9(Abbreviated as IE9
)It was released on March 14, 2011 at 21:00p>article>
        11.43.9.  HTML5 < footer > element  ¶  
    
   the element describes the bottom area of the document.     
   element should contain its containing element   A footer usually contains the author of the document, copyright information, terms of use of the link, contact information, etc. 
  You can use multiple files in the document   
   element。    Example  ¶  
   <footer><p>Posted by: Hege
Refsnesp><p><timepubdatedatetime="2012-03-01">time>p>footer>
        11.43.10.  HTML5 < figure > and < figcaption > elements  ¶  
    
   tags specify independent streaming content (images, diagrams, photos, codes, and so on).     
   the content of the element should be related to the main content, but if deleted, it should not affect the document flow.     
   label definition      the title of the element.     
   the element should be placed in the first or last child of the “figure” element.    Example  ¶  
   <figure><imgloading="lazy"src="img_pulpit.jpg"alt="The Pulpit
Rock"width="304"height="228">Fig1. - The Pulpit Pock,
Norway.figcaption>figure>
        11.43.11.  Can we start using these semantic elements?  ¶  
  The above elements are all block elements (except for < figcaption >). 
  In order for these blocks and elements to take effect in all versions of the browser, you need to set the properties in the stylesheet file (the following style code allows older browsers to support the block-level elements described in this chapter): 
   header, section, footer, aside, nav, article, figure
{
    display: block;
}
 
 
   Problems in Internet Explorer 8 and earlier IE versions  ¶  
  IE8 and earlier versions of IE cannot render CSS effects in these elements, so you cannot use them   
   ,      ,      ,      ,      ,      ,      , or other HTML5 elements   解决办法: 你可以使用HTML5 Shiv Javascript脚本来解决IE的兼容问题。 
  HTML5 Shiv下载地址：  https://cdn.static.runoob.com/libs/html5shiv/3.7/html5shiv.min.js  
  After downloading, put the following code into the web page: 
   
 
 
  The above code will be loaded when the browser is smaller than the IE9 version   html5shiv.js   documents. You have to put it in the      rlement, because the IE browser needs to render these new HTML5 elements after the header is loaded     
                
                
                    
                        
                            
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                            11.43. HTML5 semantic elements 
                        
                    
                
            
        
        
            

    
        
        
            
                
                    
                        
                            
                                Web框架 
                            
                            
                        
                             946
                        
                    
                    
                    
                        
                            
  
 
                        
                    
                
                
                    
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
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                                                1. SVG tutorial 
                                            
                                            
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                                                1. Memcached 
                                            
                                            
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                                                1. C# tutorial 
                                            
                                            
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                                                2. Go 
                                            
                                            
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                                                2. Docker 
                                            
                                            
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                                                2. Vue3 
                                            
                                            
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                                                2. Servlet 
                                            
                                            
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                                                3. React 
                                            
                                            
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                                                3. SOAP tutorial 
                                            
                                            
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                                                3. Android 
                                            
                                            
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                                                3. Mongodb 
                                            
                                            
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                                                3. Kotlin 
                                            
                                            
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                                                4. Lua 
                                            
                                            
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                                                4. MySQL tutorial 
                                            
                                            
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                                                4. Appml 
                                            
                                            
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                                                5. Perl 
                                            
                                            
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                                                5. Postgresql 
                                            
                                            
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                                                web 
                                            
                                            
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                                                5. Web Services tutorial 
                                            
                                            
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                                                6. Ruby 
                                            
                                            
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                                                6. Design-pattern 
                                            
                                            
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                                                7. Django 
                                            
                                            
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                                                7. Rust 
                                            
                                            
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                                                6. WSDL tutorial 
                                            
                                            
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                                                8. Foundation 
                                            
                                            
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                                                9. Ios 
                                            
                                            
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                                                8. Css3 
                                            
                                            
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                                                9. Swift 
                                            
                                            
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                                                11. HTML tutorial-(HTML5 Standard) 
                                            
                                            
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                                                            11.25. HTML uniform Resource Locator 
                                                        
                                                    
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                                    
                                                        
                                                            
                                                            11.18. HTML forms and input 
                                                        
                                                    
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                                    
                                                        
                                                            
                                                            11.8. HTML paragraph 
                                                        
                                                    
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                                    
                                                        
                                                            
                                                            11.7. HTML title 
                                                        
                                                    
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                                    
                                                        
                                                            
                                                            11.39. HTML5 Audio 
                                                        
                                                    
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                                    
                                                        
                                                            
                                                            11.49. HTML5 code specification 
                                                        
                                                    
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                                    
                                                        
                                                            
                                                            11.28. You have finished your HTML study. What should you learn next? 
                                                        
                                                    
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                                    
                                                        
                                                            
                                                            11.3. HTML Editor 
                                                        
                                                    
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                                    
                                                        
                                                            
                                                            11.54. HTML instance 
                                                        
                                                    
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                                    
                                                        
                                                            
                                                            11.29. HTML- XHTML 
                                                        
                                                    
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                12. Http 
                                            
                                            
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                                                13. Regex 
                                            
                                            
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                                                14. Regexp 
                                            
                                            
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                                《地理信息系统原理、技术与方法》 
                            
                            
                        
                             97
                        
                    
                    
                    
                        
                            
   最近几年来，地理信息系统无论是在理论上还是应用上都处在一个飞速发展的阶段。 GIS被应用于多个领域的建模和决策支持，如城市管理、区划、环境整治等等，地理信息成为信息时代重要的组成部分之一； “数字地球”概念的提出，更进一步推动了作为其技术支撑的GIS的发展。 与此同时，一些学者致力于相关的理论研究，如空间感知、空间数据误差、空间关系的形式化等等。 这恰好说明了地理信息系统作为应用技术和学科的两个方面，并且这两个方面构成了相互促进的发展过程。 
 
 
                        
                    
                
                
                    
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                1. Introduction to geographic information system 
                                            
                                            
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                                                2. From the Real World to the Bit World 
                                            
                                            
                                                3
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                3. Spatial Data Model 
                                            
                                            
                                                7
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                4. 空间参照系统和 地图投影 
                                            
                                            
                                                5
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                5. Data in GIS 
                                            
                                            
                                                3
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                6. Spatial data acquisition 
                                            
                                            
                                                2
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                7. Spatial Data Management 
                                            
                                            
                                                6
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                8. Spatial analysis 
                                            
                                            
                                                8
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                9. 数字地形模型（ DTM ）与地形分析 
                                            
                                            
                                                5
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                10. 空间建模与 空间决策支持 
                                            
                                            
                                                6
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                11. Spatial data representation and map making 
                                            
                                            
                                                6
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                12. 3S Integration Technology 
                                            
                                            
                                                5
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                13. 网络地理信息系统 
                                            
                                            
                                                3
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                14. Examples of Geographic Information System Application 
                                            
                                            
                                                8
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                15. Organization and Management of Geographic Information System Application Projects 
                                            
                                            
                                                9
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                16. Geographic Information system Software Engineering Technology 
                                            
                                            
                                                6
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                17. Geographic Information System Standards 
                                            
                                            
                                                3
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                18. Geographic Information System and Society 
                                            
                                            
                                                3
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                19. Earth Information Science and Digital Earth 
                                            
                                            
                                                3
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                    
                
            
        
    
    
        
        
            
                
                    
                        
                            
                                WEB基础 
                            
                            
                        
                             289
                        
                    
                    
                    
                        
                            
  
 
                        
                    
                
                
                    
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                2. ADO tutorial 
                                            
                                            
                                                23
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                4. W3C tutorial 
                                            
                                            
                                                16
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                5. Data-structures 
                                            
                                            
                                                31
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                8. Scala 
                                            
                                            
                                                41
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                7. Bootstrap5 
                                            
                                            
                                                37
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                10. Markdown 
                                            
                                            
                                                10
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                9. Echarts 
                                            
                                            
                                                12
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                11. Maven 
                                            
                                            
                                                20
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                10. Font-awesome 
                                            
                                            
                                                17
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                12. RDF tutorial 
                                            
                                            
                                                11
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                13. Sass 
                                            
                                            
                                                15
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                15. XML Schema tutorial 
                                            
                                            
                                                56
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                    
                
            
        
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
        
    

                        
                        
                    
                
            
            
                
                    
                        
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