Project control and assessment

In the process of GIS application project, control activities should run through the whole project, so as to avoid serious quality and time problems after the completion of the project. At each stage of the project, or after the completion of the whole project, post-analysis and evaluation can better understand the problems in the progress of the project, evaluate the project participants, and provide a reference for the next stage or similar project organization and management. In a sense, evaluation is an effective way to implement project control。

Usually, the object of post-analysis and evaluation includes：

Procedure: quantity and quality；

Data: quantity and quality；

Participants: working hours and efficiency；

Funds: usage and efficiency；

Equipment: occupancy and efficiency。

In the analysis and evaluation of the above factors, we should use the quantitative method as far as possible. On the one hand, the quantity can more accurately explain the progress and problems of the project, on the other hand, the quantity can also facilitate the horizontal and vertical comparison. Horizontal comparison refers to the comparison of different teams or even different personnel in a project. Longitudinal comparison refers to the comparison between different stages of a project or between different projects。

The results of analysis and evaluation can be expressed intuitively in the form of tables and statistical charts (Table 15-6, Figure 15-10). Project managers can evaluate the progress of work based on the results, identify problems and correct them in the next step。

Table 15-6: the analysis result of first phase of XX project (January 1999-October 1999)

Project	Value
Program Number of total lines of code Error number Error ratio Data Total data input Sampling average migration error Total data after remote sensing classification Sampling classification accuracy Staff Total staff working hours Funds Total use funds	78532 130 1.65 places/thousands of rows 78 trillion 0.12mm 290 trillion 83% 140 person&months 82,000 RMB

Project

Value

Program

Number of total lines of code
Error number
Error ratio

Data

Total data input
Sampling average migration error
Total data after remote sensing classification
Sampling classification accuracy

Staff

Total staff working hours

Funds

Total use funds

78532

130

1.65 places/thousands of rows

78 trillion

0.12mm

290 trillion

83%

140 person&months

82,000 RMB

Table 15-6 lists the results of the analysis of various elements in the project from the total amount, which can be used as the basis for calculating the cost and efficiency of the project stage. Figure 15-10 better illustrates the progress of the project, which can make managers easily find the smooth and unfavorable time periods of the project progress, and then find the reasons, as the basis for the next stage of work management. The analysis chart of the whole project can be reused for the next similar project, cost-benefit analysis and schedule。

Figure 15-10: Reflecting the progress of the project through different indicators

最近几年来，地理信息系统无论是在理论上还是应用上都处在一个飞速发展的阶段。 GIS被应用于多个领域的建模和决策支持，如城市管理、区划、环境整治等等，地理信息成为信息时代重要的组成部分之一； “数字地球”概念的提出，更进一步推动了作为其技术支撑的GIS的发展。与此同时，一些学者致力于相关的理论研究，如空间感知、空间数据误差、空间关系的形式化等等。这恰好说明了地理信息系统作为应用技术和学科的两个方面，并且这两个方面构成了相互促进的发展过程。