最近几年来，地理信息系统无论是在理论上还是应用上都处在一个飞速发展的阶段。 GIS被应用于多个领域的建模和决策支持，如城市管理、区划、环境整治等等，地理信息成为信息时代重要的组成部分之一； “数字地球”概念的提出，更进一步推动了作为其技术支撑的GIS的发展。 与此同时，一些学者致力于相关的理论研究，如空间感知、空间数据误差、空间关系的形式化等等。 这恰好说明了地理信息系统作为应用技术和学科的两个方面，并且这两个方面构成了相互促进的发展过程。
SOAP is a simple XML-based protocol that enables applications to exchange information through HTTP.
In our SOAP tutorial, you will learn what SOAP is and how it exchanges information between applications.
Now start to learn SOAP! 3.1.1. Content list ¶
SOAP introductionThis chapter explains the concept and function of SOAP.SOAP syntaxThis chapter explains the construction module of SOAP and the syntax rules of SOAP.SOAP Envelope elementThis chapter explains the Envelope element of SOAP.SOAP Header elementThis chapter explains the Header element of SOAP.SOAP Body elementThis chapter explains the Body element of SOAP.SOAP Fault elementThis chapter explains the Fault element of SOAP.SOAP HTTP BindingThis chapter is an introduction to SOAP HTTP binding.SOAP instanceThis chapter introduces an example of SOAP.SOAP summaryThis section is a summary of what you have learned in this tutorial and recommends what you should learn next.