最近几年来,地理信息系统无论是在理论上还是应用上都处在一个飞速发展的阶段。 GIS被应用于多个领域的建模和决策支持,如城市管理、区划、环境整治等等,地理信息成为信息时代重要的组成部分之一; “数字地球”概念的提出,更进一步推动了作为其技术支撑的GIS的发展。 与此同时,一些学者致力于相关的理论研究,如空间感知、空间数据误差、空间关系的形式化等等。 这恰好说明了地理信息系统作为应用技术和学科的两个方面,并且这两个方面构成了相互促进的发展过程。
XML documents can reference DTD or XML Schema. Take a look at this XML document called “note.xml”: The following example is an DTD file named “note.dtd” that defines the elements of the above XML document (“note.xml”): Line 1 defines that the note element has four child elements: “to, from, heading, body”. Lines 2-5 define the type of to, from, heading, body element as “# PCDATA”. The following example is an XML Schema file named “note.xsd” that defines the elements of the above XML document (“note.xml”): The note element is a compound type because it contains other child elements. Other elements (to, from, heading, body) are simple types because they do not contain other elements. You will learn more about compound types and simple types in the following sections. This file contains a reference to DTD: This file contains a reference to XML Schema: A simple XML document: ¶
DTD file ¶
XML Schema ¶
Reference to DTD ¶
Reference to XML Schema ¶