1.16. SVG Shadow

1.16.1. and ¶

All SVG filters for the Internet are defined in element. element definitions are short and contain special element definitions, such as filters.

tags are used to define SVG filters. the tag usesthe required id attribute to define which filter to apply to the drawing?

1.16.2. SVG ¶

Example 1 ¶

elements are used to create shadow effects. Our idea is to take a SVG graphic (image or element) and move it a little bit on the xy plane.

The first example is offset by a rectangle (with ), and then blend and offset the top of the image (including ):

Here is the SVG code:

Example

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1"> <defs> <filter id="f1" x="0" y="0" width="200%" height="200%"> <feOffset result="offOut" in="SourceGraphic" dx="20" dy="20" /> <feBlend in="SourceGraphic" in2="offOut" mode="normal" /> filter> defs> <rect width="90" height="90" stroke="green" stroke-width="3" fill="yellow" filter="url(#f1)" /> svg>    
 Code parsing: 
 
 
 
      the element id attribute defines a unique name for a filter   
 
      the filter attribute of the element is used to link the element to the “F1” filter     
 
 Example 2  ¶  
 
 Now, the offset image can be blurred (including      ):  
    
 
 Here is the SVG code: 
 
 Example 
 
 
 
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1"> <defs> <filter id="f1" x="0" y="0" width="200%" height="200%"> <feOffset result="offOut" in="SourceGraphic" dx="20" dy="20" /> <feGaussianBlur result="blurOut" in="offOut" stdDeviation="10" /> <feBlend in="SourceGraphic" in2="blurOut" mode="normal" /> filter> defs> <rect width="90" height="90" stroke="green" stroke-width="3" fill="yellow" filter="url(#f1)" /> svg>    
 Code parsing: 
 
 
 
 The stdDeviation attribute of the < feGaussianBlur > element defines the fuzzy amount 
 
 
  
 
 Example 3  ¶  
 
 Now, make a black shadow: 
 
  
 
 Here is the SVG code: 
 
 Example 
 
 
 
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1"> <defs> <filter id="f1" x="0" y="0" width="200%" height="200%"> <feOffset result="offOut" in="SourceAlpha" dx="20" dy="20" /> <feGaussianBlur result="blurOut" in="offOut" stdDeviation="10" /> <feBlend in="SourceGraphic" in2="blurOut" mode="normal" /> filter> defs> <rect width="90" height="90" stroke="green" stroke-width="3" fill="yellow" filter="url(#f1)" /> svg>    
 Code parsing: 
 
 
 
 The attribute of the < feOffset > element is changed to “SourceAlpha” to use the residual shadow in the Alpha channel instead of the entire RGBA pixel. 
 
 
  
 
 Example 4  ¶  
 
 Now put a layer of color on the shadow: 
 
  
 
 Here is the SVG code: 
 
 Example 
 
 
 
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1"> <defs> <filter id="f1" x="0" y="0" width="200%" height="200%"> <feOffset result="offOut" in="SourceGraphic" dx="20" dy="20" /> <feColorMatrix result="matrixOut" in="offOut" type="matrix" values="0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0" /> <feGaussianBlur result="blurOut" in="matrixOut" stdDeviation="10" /> <feBlend in="SourceGraphic" in2="blurOut" mode="normal" /> filter> defs> <rect width="90" height="90" stroke="green" stroke-width="3" fill="yellow" filter="url(#f1)" /> svg>    
 Code parsing: 
 
 
 
      the filter is used to convert the offset image closer tothe black color. All three values of the ‘0.2’ matrix are multiplied by red, green and blue channels. Reduce the color brought by its value to black(black is 0)       
                
                

                    

                        

                            
                                文章链接
                            
                            ：
                            1.16. SVG Shadow 
                        
                    
                

            
        
        

            

    
        
        

            

                

                    
                        
                            
                                Web框架 
                            
                            
                        
                             946
                        
                    
                    
                    
                        

                            
 
 
 
                        

                    
                
                

                    
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                1. Angularjs2 
                                            
                                            
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                                                1. SVG tutorial 
                                            
                                            
                                                19
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                    

                                                        
                                                            
                                                            1.17. SVG gradient-Linear 
                                                        
                                                    
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                                    

                                                        
                                                            
                                                            1.20. SVG reference manual 
                                                        
                                                    
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                                    

                                                        
                                                            
                                                            1.14. SVG filter 
                                                        
                                                    
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                                    

                                                        
                                                            
                                                            1.5. SVG <rect> 
                                                        
                                                    
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                                    

                                                        
                                                            
                                                            1.18. SVG gradient-radioactivity 
                                                        
                                                    
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                                    

                                                        
                                                            
                                                            1.2. SVG introduction 
                                                        
                                                    
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                                    

                                                        
                                                            
                                                            1.10. SVG <polyline> 
                                                        
                                                    
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                                    

                                                        
                                                            >
                                                            1.16. SVG Shadow 
                                                        
                                                    
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                                    

                                                        
                                                            
                                                            1.19. SVG instance 
                                                        
                                                    
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                                    

                                                        
                                                            
                                                            1.8. SVG <line> 
                                                        
                                                    
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
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                                                1. C# tutorial 
                                            
                                            
                                                61
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                1. Sqlite 
                                            
                                            
                                                47
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                2. Go 
                                            
                                            
                                                43
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                2. Docker 
                                            
                                            
                                                59
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                2. Vue3 
                                            
                                            
                                                19
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                2. Servlet 
                                            
                                            
                                                21
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                3. React 
                                            
                                            
                                                23
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                3. SOAP tutorial 
                                            
                                            
                                                10
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                3. Android 
                                            
                                            
                                                18
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                3. Mongodb 
                                            
                                            
                                                44
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                3. Kotlin 
                                            
                                            
                                                18
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                4. Lua 
                                            
                                            
                                                31
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                4. MySQL tutorial 
                                            
                                            
                                                35
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                4. Appml 
                                            
                                            
                                                12
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                5. Perl 
                                            
                                            
                                                45
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                5. Postgresql 
                                            
                                            
                                                41
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                web 
                                            
                                            
                                                15
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                5. Web Services tutorial 
                                            
                                            
                                                6
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                6. Ruby 
                                            
                                            
                                                42
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                6. Design-pattern 
                                            
                                            
                                                35
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                7. Django 
                                            
                                            
                                                18
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                7. Rust 
                                            
                                            
                                                22
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                6. WSDL tutorial 
                                            
                                            
                                                8
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                8. Foundation 
                                            
                                            
                                                39
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                9. Ios 
                                            
                                            
                                                43
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                8. Css3 
                                            
                                            
                                                26
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                9. Swift 
                                            
                                            
                                                44
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                11. HTML tutorial-(HTML5 Standard) 
                                            
                                            
                                                54
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                12. Http 
                                            
                                            
                                                6
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                13. Regex 
                                            
                                            
                                                6
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                14. Regexp 
                                            
                                            
                                                8
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                    
                
            
        
    
    
        
        

            

                

                    
                        
                            
                                《地理信息系统原理、技术与方法》 
                            
                            
                        
                             97
                        
                    
                    
                    
                        

                            
 
 
 最近几年来，地理信息系统无论是在理论上还是应用上都处在一个飞速发展的阶段。 GIS被应用于多个领域的建模和决策支持，如城市管理、区划、环境整治等等，地理信息成为信息时代重要的组成部分之一； “数字地球”概念的提出，更进一步推动了作为其技术支撑的GIS的发展。 与此同时，一些学者致力于相关的理论研究，如空间感知、空间数据误差、空间关系的形式化等等。 这恰好说明了地理信息系统作为应用技术和学科的两个方面，并且这两个方面构成了相互促进的发展过程。 
 
 
                        

                    
                
                

                    
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                1. Introduction to geographic information system 
                                            
                                            
                                                6
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                2. From the Real World to the Bit World 
                                            
                                            
                                                3
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                3. Spatial Data Model 
                                            
                                            
                                                7
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                4. 空间参照系统和 地图投影 
                                            
                                            
                                                5
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                5. Data in GIS 
                                            
                                            
                                                3
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                6. Spatial data acquisition 
                                            
                                            
                                                2
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                7. Spatial Data Management 
                                            
                                            
                                                6
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                8. Spatial analysis 
                                            
                                            
                                                8
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                9. 数字地形模型（ DTM ）与地形分析 
                                            
                                            
                                                5
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                10. 空间建模与 空间决策支持 
                                            
                                            
                                                6
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                11. Spatial data representation and map making 
                                            
                                            
                                                6
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                12. 3S Integration Technology 
                                            
                                            
                                                5
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                13. 网络地理信息系统 
                                            
                                            
                                                3
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                14. Examples of Geographic Information System Application 
                                            
                                            
                                                8
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                15. Organization and Management of Geographic Information System Application Projects 
                                            
                                            
                                                9
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                16. Geographic Information system Software Engineering Technology 
                                            
                                            
                                                6
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                17. Geographic Information System Standards 
                                            
                                            
                                                3
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                18. Geographic Information System and Society 
                                            
                                            
                                                3
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                19. Earth Information Science and Digital Earth 
                                            
                                            
                                                3
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                    
                
            
        
    
    
        
        

            

                

                    
                        
                            
                                WEB基础 
                            
                            
                        
                             289
                        
                    
                    
                    
                        

                            
 
 
 
                        

                    
                
                

                    
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                2. ADO tutorial 
                                            
                                            
                                                23
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                4. W3C tutorial 
                                            
                                            
                                                16
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                5. Data-structures 
                                            
                                            
                                                31
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                8. Scala 
                                            
                                            
                                                41
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                7. Bootstrap5 
                                            
                                            
                                                37
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                10. Markdown 
                                            
                                            
                                                10
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                9. Echarts 
                                            
                                            
                                                12
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                11. Maven 
                                            
                                            
                                                20
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                10. Font-awesome 
                                            
                                            
                                                17
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                12. RDF tutorial 
                                            
                                            
                                                11
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                13. Sass 
                                            
                                            
                                                15
                                            
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                                
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                            
                                        
                                    
                                
                            
                        
                        

                            
                                
                                    
                                        
                                        
                                            
                                                
                                                15. XML Schema tutorial 
                                            
                                            
                                                56