7.22. Bootstrap5 navigation bar

The navigation bar is usually placed at the top of the page.

We can use it. .navbar class to create a standard navigation bar, followed by: .navbar-expand-xxl|xl|lg|md|sm class to create a responsive navigation bar (large screens spread horizontally and small screens stack vertically).

The options on the navigation bar can be used

element and add class="navbar-nav" class. And then in
• add on the element .nav-item class element using the .nav-link class:

  7.22.1. Example ¶

  Vertical navigation bar ¶

  By deleting .navbar-expand-xxl|xl|lg|md|sm class to create a vertical navigation bar:

  7.22.2. Example ¶

  Center-aligned navigation bar ¶

  By adding .justify-content-center class to create a center-aligned navigation bar

  7.22.3. Example ¶

  <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-sm bg-light justify-content-center"> ... nav>    
   
   Different color navigation bar  ¶  
   
   You can use the following classes to create different colored navigation bars:   .bg-primary   ,   .bg-success   ,   .bg-info   ,   .bg-   warning   ,   .bg-danger   ,   .bg-secondary   ,   .bg-dark   and   .bg-   light   ). 
   
   Tip: for dark background   .navbar-dark   need to set the text color to light, for light background   .navbar-light   you need to set the text color to dark. 
   
    
   
    7.22.4.  Example  ¶  
   
   
   
        
   
   
   
   Activate and disable states: can be found in the      add on the element``.active`` Cclass to highlight the selected options.   .disabled   class to set that the link is unclickable.  
   
   Brand / Logo  ¶  
   
     .navbar-brand   class is used to highlight brand / Logo: 
   
    
   
    7.22.5.  Example  ¶  
   
   
   
  <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-sm bg-dark navbar-dark"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Logoa> ... nav>    
   Can be used   .navbar-brand   class to set the picture adaptive navigation bar. 
    
   
    7.22.6.  Example  ¶  
   
   
   
  <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-sm bg-dark navbar-dark"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#"> <img src="bird.jpg" alt="Logo" style="width:40px;"> a> ... nav>    
   
   Collapse the navigation bar  ¶  
   
   Usually, we collapse the navigation bar on the small screen and click to display the navigation options. 
   
   To create a collapsible navigation bar, you can add   class="navbar-toggler"   ,   data-bs-   toggle="collapse"   and   data-target="#   thetarget"   class. Then, after setting up the   class="collapse   navbar-collapse"   class   div   the navigation content (link) on the package, the``div`` element,the id specified on the   data-target   button for ID: matching: 
   
    
   
    7.22.7.  Example  ¶  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   The navigation bar uses the drop-down menu  ¶  
   
   Drop-down menus can be set on the navigation bar: 
   
   
   
   
    7.22.8.  Example  ¶  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   Forms and buttons of the navigation bar  ¶  
   
   The form of the navigation bar   
     element usage   class="form-inline"   class to type input boxes and buttons:    
   
    7.22.9.  Example  ¶  
   
   
   
  <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-sm bg-dark navbar-dark"> <form class="form-inline"> <input class="form-control" type="text" placeholder="Search"> <button class="btn btn-success" type="submit">Searchbutton> form> nav>    
   You can also use other input box classes, such as   .input-group-addon   class is used to add small tags in front of the input box. 
    
   
    7.22.10.  Example  ¶  
   
   
   
  <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-sm bg-dark navbar-dark"> <form class="form-inline" action="/action_page.php"> <div class="input-group"> <div class="input-group-prepend"> <span class="input-group-text">@span> div> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Username"> div> form> nav>    
   
   Navigation bar text  ¶  
   
   Use   .navbar-text   class to set the unlinked text on the navigation bar to ensure horizontal alignment and the same color as the inner margin. 
   
    
   
    7.22.11.  Example  ¶  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   Fixed navigation bar  ¶  
   
   The navigation bar can be fixed at the head or bottom. 
   
   We use   .fixed-top   class to fix the navigation bar: 
   
   
   
   
    7.22.12.  Example  ¶  
   
   
   
  <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-sm bg-dark navbar-dark fixed-top"> ... nav>    
     .fixed-bottom   class is used to set the navigation bar to be fixed at the bottom: 
    
   
    7.22.13.  Example  ¶  
   
   
   
  <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-sm bg-dark navbar-dark fixed-bottom"> ... nav>    
   
   Navigation bar case  ¶  
   
    
   
    7.22.14.  Example  ¶  
   
    
   
    
                  
                  
  
                      
  
                          
  
                              
                                  文章链接
                              
                              ：
                              7.22. Bootstrap5 navigation bar 
                          
                      
                  
              
          
          
  
              
  
      
          
          
  
              
  
                  
  
                      
                          
                              
                                  Web框架 
                              
                              
                          
                               946
                          
                      
                      
                      
                          
  
                              
   
   
   
                          
  
                      
                  
                  
  
                      
                          
  
                              
                                  
                                      
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                                  1. Angularjs2 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  1. SVG tutorial 
                                              
                                              
                                                  19
                                              
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                          
                                      
                                  
                              
                          
                          
  
                              
                                  
                                      
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                                  1. Memcached 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  1. C# tutorial 
                                              
                                              
                                                  61
                                              
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                          
                                      
                                  
                              
                          
                          
  
                              
                                  
                                      
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                                  1. Sqlite 
                                              
                                              
                                                  47
                                              
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                          
                                      
                                  
                              
                          
                          
  
                              
                                  
                                      
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                                  2. Go 
                                              
                                              
                                                  43
                                              
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                          
                                      
                                  
                              
                          
                          
  
                              
                                  
                                      
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                                  2. Docker 
                                              
                                              
                                                  59
                                              
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                          
                                      
                                  
                              
                          
                          
  
                              
                                  
                                      
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                                  2. Vue3 
                                              
                                              
                                                  19
                                              
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                          
                                      
                                  
                              
                          
                          
  
                              
                                  
                                      
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                                  2. Servlet 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  3. React 
                                              
                                              
                                                  23
                                              
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                          
                                      
                                  
                              
                          
                          
  
                              
                                  
                                      
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                                  3. SOAP tutorial 
                                              
                                              
                                                  10
                                              
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                          
                                      
                                  
                              
                          
                          
  
                              
                                  
                                      
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                                  3. Android 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  3. Mongodb 
                                              
                                              
                                                  44
                                              
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                          
                                      
                                  
                              
                          
                          
  
                              
                                  
                                      
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                                  3. Kotlin 
                                              
                                              
                                                  18
                                              
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                          
                                      
                                  
                              
                          
                          
  
                              
                                  
                                      
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                                  4. Lua 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  4. MySQL tutorial 
                                              
                                              
                                                  35
                                              
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                          
                                      
                                  
                              
                          
                          
  
                              
                                  
                                      
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                                  4. Appml 
                                              
                                              
                                                  12
                                              
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                          
                                      
                                  
                              
                          
                          
  
                              
                                  
                                      
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                                  5. Perl 
                                              
                                              
                                                  45
                                              
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                          
                                      
                                  
                              
                          
                          
  
                              
                                  
                                      
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                                  5. Postgresql 
                                              
                                              
                                                  41
                                              
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                          
                                      
                                  
                              
                          
                          
  
                              
                                  
                                      
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                                  web 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  5. Web Services tutorial 
                                              
                                              
                                                  6
                                              
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                          
                                      
                                  
                              
                          
                          
  
                              
                                  
                                      
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                                  6. Ruby 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  6. Design-pattern 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  7. Django 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  7. Rust 
                                              
                                              
                                                  22
                                              
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                          
                                      
                                  
                              
                          
                          
  
                              
                                  
                                      
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                                  6. WSDL tutorial 
                                              
                                              
                                                  8
                                              
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                          
                                      
                                  
                              
                          
                          
  
                              
                                  
                                      
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                                  8. Foundation 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  9. Ios 
                                              
                                              
                                                  43
                                              
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                          
                                      
                                  
                              
                          
                          
  
                              
                                  
                                      
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                                  8. Css3 
                                              
                                              
                                                  26
                                              
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                          
                                      
                                  
                              
                          
                          
  
                              
                                  
                                      
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                                  9. Swift 
                                              
                                              
                                                  44
                                              
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                          
                                      
                                  
                              
                          
                          
  
                              
                                  
                                      
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                                  11. HTML tutorial-(HTML5 Standard) 
                                              
                                              
                                                  54
                                              
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                          
                                      
                                  
                              
                          
                          
  
                              
                                  
                                      
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                                  12. Http 
                                              
                                              
                                                  6
                                              
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                          
                                      
                                  
                              
                          
                          
  
                              
                                  
                                      
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                                  13. Regex 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  14. Regexp 
                                              
                                              
                                                  8
                                              
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                          
                                      
                                  
                              
                          
                      
                  
              
          
      
      
          
          
  
              
  
                  
  
                      
                          
                              
                                  《地理信息系统原理、技术与方法》 
                              
                              
                          
                               97
                          
                      
                      
                      
                          
  
                              
   
   
   最近几年来，地理信息系统无论是在理论上还是应用上都处在一个飞速发展的阶段。 GIS被应用于多个领域的建模和决策支持，如城市管理、区划、环境整治等等，地理信息成为信息时代重要的组成部分之一； “数字地球”概念的提出，更进一步推动了作为其技术支撑的GIS的发展。 与此同时，一些学者致力于相关的理论研究，如空间感知、空间数据误差、空间关系的形式化等等。 这恰好说明了地理信息系统作为应用技术和学科的两个方面，并且这两个方面构成了相互促进的发展过程。 
   
   
                          
  
                      
                  
                  
  
                      
                          
  
                              
                                  
                                      
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                                  1. Introduction to geographic information system 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  2. From the Real World to the Bit World 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  3. Spatial Data Model 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  4. 空间参照系统和 地图投影 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  5. Data in GIS 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  6. Spatial data acquisition 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  7. Spatial Data Management 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  8. Spatial analysis 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  9. 数字地形模型（ DTM ）与地形分析 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  10. 空间建模与 空间决策支持 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  11. Spatial data representation and map making 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  12. 3S Integration Technology 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  13. 网络地理信息系统 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  14. Examples of Geographic Information System Application 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  15. Organization and Management of Geographic Information System Application Projects 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  16. Geographic Information system Software Engineering Technology 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  17. Geographic Information System Standards 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  18. Geographic Information System and Society 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  19. Earth Information Science and Digital Earth 
                                              
                                              
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                                  WEB基础 
                              
                              
                          
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                                                  2. ADO tutorial 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  4. W3C tutorial 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  5. Data-structures 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  8. Scala 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  7. Bootstrap5 
                                              
                                              
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                                                              7.19. Bootstrap5 drop-down menu 
                                                          
                                                      
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                                      
  
                                                          
                                                              
                                                              7.35. Bootstrap5 input box group 
                                                          
                                                      
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                                      
  
                                                          
                                                              
                                                              7.11. Bootstrap5 button 
                                                          
                                                      
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                                      
  
                                                          
                                                              
                                                              7.2. Bootstrap5 installation and use 
                                                          
                                                      
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                                      
  
                                                          
                                                              
                                                              7.7. Bootstrap5 form 
                                                          
                                                      
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                                      
  
                                                          
                                                              
                                                              7.17. Bootstrap5 list group 
                                                          
                                                      
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                                      
  
                                                          
                                                              
                                                              7.29. Bootstrap5 gadget 
                                                          
                                                      
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                                      
  
                                                          
                                                              
                                                              7.31. Bootstrap5 form 
                                                          
                                                      
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                                      
  
                                                          
                                                              
                                                              7.3. Bootstrap5 container 
                                                          
                                                      
                                                  
                                              
                                                  
                                                      
  
                                                          
                                                              
                                                              7.32. Bootstrap5 drop-down menu 
                                                          
                                                      
                                                  
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                              
                                          
                                      
                                  
                              
                          
                          
  
                              
                                  
                                      
                                          
                                          
                                              
                                                  
                                                  10. Markdown 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  9. Echarts 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  11. Maven 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  10. Font-awesome 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  12. RDF tutorial 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  13. Sass 
                                              
                                              
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                                                  15. XML Schema tutorial 
                                              
                                              
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