3. Kotlin

  • 3.1. Kotlin tutorial

    Kotlin is a statically typed programming language that runs on the Java virtual machine, known as the Android world...
    2025-10-25 13:34:26 UTC
  • 3.2. Kotlin IntelliJ IDEA environment building

    Free community version of IntelliJ IDEA download address: https://www.jetbrains.com/idea/download/index.html After downl...
    2025-10-25 13:34:26 UTC
  • 3.3. Kotlin Eclipse environment building

    Eclipse through Marketplace to install Kotlin plug-in, open Eclipse, select Help-> Eclipse Marketplace… menus, ...
    2025-10-25 13:34:27 UTC
  • 3.4. Kotlin compiles using the command line

    Kotlin download address of command line compilation tool: JetBrains/kotlin , the latest is 1.1.2-2. You can choose t...
    2025-10-25 13:34:26 UTC
  • 3.5. Kotlin Android environment building

    3.5.1. Install the Kotlin plug-in # Android Studio will be installed built-in starting with version 3.0 (preview) K...
    2025-10-25 13:34:26 UTC
  • 3.6. Kotlin basic syntax

    Kotlin file to .kt is a suffix. 3.6.1. Package declaration # The code file usually begins with the declarat...
    2025-10-25 13:34:27 UTC
  • 3.7. Kotlin basic data type

    Kotlin basic numeric types of Byte , Short , Int , Long , Float , Double . Unlike Java, the char...
    2025-10-25 13:34:28 UTC
  • 3.8. Kotlin conditional control

    3.8.1. IF expression # One if statement contains a Boolean expression and one or more statements. // Tradition...
    2025-10-25 13:34:28 UTC
  • 3.9. Kotlin cycle control

    3.9.1. For cycle # for loop can provide an iterator for any iterator syntax isas follows: for (item in col...
    2025-10-25 13:34:28 UTC
  • 3.10. Kotlin classes and objects

    3.10.1. Class definition # Kotlin classes can contain constructors and initialization code blocks, functions, att...
    2025-10-25 13:34:27 UTC
  • 3.11. Kotlin inheritance

    Kotlin all classes in inherit the Any class, which is the superclass of all classes and the default superclass for c...
    2025-10-25 13:34:28 UTC
  • 3.12. Kotlin interface

    Kotlin interface is similar to Java 8, using the interface keyword defines the interface, allowing the method to hav...
    2025-10-25 13:34:28 UTC
  • 3.13. Kotlin extension

    Kotlin can extend the properties and methods of a class without inheriting or using Decorator mode. Extension is a...
    2025-10-25 13:34:29 UTC
  • 3.14. Kotlin data class and sealed class

    3.14.1. Data class # Kotlin can create a class that contains only data with the keyword data : data class ...
    2025-10-25 13:34:26 UTC
  • 3.15. Kotlin generics

    Generics, or “parameterized types”, parameterize types and can be used on classes, interfaces, and methods. Same as Java ...
    2025-10-25 13:34:28 UTC
  • 3.16. Kotlin enumerated class

    The most basic use of the enumeration class is to implement a type-safe enumeration. Enumeration constants are separated b...
    2025-10-25 13:34:26 UTC
《地理信息系统原理、技术与方法》  97

最近几年来,地理信息系统无论是在理论上还是应用上都处在一个飞速发展的阶段。 GIS被应用于多个领域的建模和决策支持,如城市管理、区划、环境整治等等,地理信息成为信息时代重要的组成部分之一; “数字地球”概念的提出,更进一步推动了作为其技术支撑的GIS的发展。 与此同时,一些学者致力于相关的理论研究,如空间感知、空间数据误差、空间关系的形式化等等。 这恰好说明了地理信息系统作为应用技术和学科的两个方面,并且这两个方面构成了相互促进的发展过程。